Every claim in your thesis must be traceable to one of these sources, to your own field record, or to another source you can defend. Outsider collections are read critically.
Zora Neale Hurston
Mules and Men (1935); "Hoodoo in America" (1931); Every Tongue Got to Confess
Anthropologist and initiate; the foundational insider field record of Gulf Coast and New Orleans hoodoo.
Harry Middleton Hyatt
Hoodoo–Conjuration–Witchcraft–Rootwork, 5 vols. (1970–78)
Roughly 1,600 interviews with practitioners; the largest surviving body of first-person testimony.
Lindsey Stewart
The Politics of Black Joy (2021)
Philosophy of Hurston's conjure ethics — joy, refusal, and Black self-determination in the tradition.
Lindsey Stewart
The Conjuring of America: Mojos, Mermaids, Medicine, and 400 Years of Black Women's Magic (2025)
A cultural history of conjure as practiced by Black women from slavery to today — read it for its argument about their medicine, craft, and influence on American life, and weigh its claims against the primary record.
Katrina Hazzard-Donald
Mojo Workin': The Old African American Hoodoo System (2013)
Distinguishes the old system from commercialized "marketeered" hoodoo.
Yvonne P. Chireau
Black Magic: Religion and the African American Conjuring Tradition (2003)
Conjure and Black Christianity as intertwined, not opposed.
Carolyn Morrow Long
Spiritual Merchants (2001)
How commerce, supply houses, and manufactured goods reshaped practice.
Jeffrey E. Anderson
Conjure in African American Society (2005); Hoodoo, Voodoo, and Conjure: A Handbook
Historical survey of conjure across slavery, emancipation, and migration.
Albert J. Raboteau
Slave Religion (1978)
The religious world conjure lived inside during enslavement.
Sharla M. Fett
Working Cures (2002)
Healing, health, and power on Southern plantations — the medical side of the work.
Michele Elizabeth Lee
Working the Roots (2014)
Oral-history-based record of African American healing and materia.
Stephanie Y. Mitchem
African American Folk Healing (2007)
Folk healing as a living, contemporary Black practice.
Luisah Teish
Jambalaya (1985)
Practitioner-scholar text on ritual, ancestor work, and personal charms.
Tayannah Lee McQuillar
Rootwork: Using the Folk Magick of Black America (2003)
Practical rootwork situated in African American cultural context.
Newbell Niles Puckett
Folk Beliefs of the Southern Negro (1926)
Early outsider collection — assigned for critical reading of bias, not as authority.